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Posted by on February 19, 2010 in My articles

 

Dragan Nikolic – Kladionica expert

Here I will present you a big firgure ,a very nice guy from Belgrade.His name is Dragan Nikolic as you can see and he is probably the best young bet analyser in Serbia.He is unique  in commenting and analysing possible odds and he has make big impact in some previous articles in the past.He is highly talented thats why he is an administrator member of FM Serbia

In this site ,you will see the big class of Gagito

www.fm-serbia.net

Gale

 
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Posted by on February 12, 2009 in My notes

 

Don Juan de Miro de la Serbia the First

This is my biggest serbian friend.Many girls in Belgrade know Miro ,many ladies around Serbia know him.He is famously known as one of the greatest lovers in Balkans.Or to be honest ,in Europe.He has travel in England ,Italy ,Spain and ofcourse Greece.Many women around the world know about “Miro” the Legend.They mostly know him as “Don Juan de Miro de la Serbia the First “

Miro

 
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Posted by on January 25, 2009 in My notes

 

Presentation of crazy doctor

Here I will present you a classical crazy doctor ?How ?Classical ?This guy is a division by his own ,he can dance for 2 days and nights ,when everything is stopping ,this guy is still dancing .He has more duration that duracel ,he is crazier than Billie Jean ,he dances more than Merilyn Monroe ,ladies and gentlemen ,I present you ,Mikica ,the craziest doctor

Crazy doctor

 
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Posted by on January 25, 2009 in My notes

 

The best way for getting warm

I have to tell you that in Serbia the weather is very cold.Temperatures around -10 or -15 are normal for winter.Well ,for me not ,because I never worry.I can show you below the best way for warming up your cold days and nights.I was sick for 3 days ,I had temperature more than 39,but ,but ,someone is cured me .Below the results

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The best way to avoid the cold ,depressive ,bloody winter

 
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Posted by on January 25, 2009 in My notes

 

The best happy new year in my life

The best gynaika and mitera in the universe

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Oh my baby ,we are one.

I was for ten days in Serbia ,together with my other,half ,my only one Suzana.Its impossible to have a great time without her ,I cannot hide it.I am counting down the days to be again in her hug.The best gynaika and mitera ,in whole universe ,of all the eras.Simply the best ,far the best

 
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Posted by on January 25, 2009 in My notes

 

Happy new year

The previous year passed out some days ago.I didnt have the chance to wish you a happy new year because of some technical difficulites.Now ,I am back ,ready to communicate with you again.I would like to wish you a happy new year full of happiness ,positive energy and love.I wish you all of my best from my deepest part of my heart.Lets hope that this year ,will bring to us ,peace ,more love and that we will enjoy our moments healthy and happy.God Bless you !!

 
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Posted by on January 25, 2009 in My notes

 

Constantinople – The lost city of Greece

This city is calling now Instabul,that means “in the City” ,the city had till then the name Constantinopolis ,that means in greek ,the city of Constantinos.Constantinos the great was the greatest King of the Eastern Empire ,”Byzantium” .I was in this magnificent city twice and I have to admit that my heart was breaking in pieces when I realised that this jewlerry of Bospurus is ruined by many millions of Barbarians who live there.The hidden dream of every Greek ,is to see this city again greek.Its the dream of everyone who feels Greek ,to see the greek flag in the roof of Hagia Sofia in Constantinopolis.Here you can see the history of this amazing city

Constantinopolis is the largest city in Turkey and is among the 25 largest urban areas in the world. It is located on the Bosporus Strait and covers the entire area of the Golden Horn – a natural harbor. Because of its size, Constantinopolis extends into both Europe and Asia. The city is the world’s only metropolis to extend into more than one continent.

The city of Constantinopolis is important to geography because it has a long history that spans the rise and fall of the world’s most famous empires. Due to its participation in these empires, Constantinopolis has also undergone various name changes throughout its lengthy history.

History of Constantinopolis

Byzantium

Though Constantinopolis may have been inhabited as early as 3000 BCE, it was not a city until Greek colonists arrived in the area in the 7th Century BCE. These colonists were led by King Byzas and settled there because of the strategic location along the Bosporus Strait. King Byzas named the city Byzantium after himself.

The Roman Empire (330-395 CE)

Following its development by the Greeks, Byzantium became a part of the Roman Empire in the 300s. During this time, the Roman emperor Constantine the Great undertook a construction project to rebuild the entire city. His goal was to make it stand out and give the city monuments similar to those found in Rome. In 330, Constantine declared the city as the capital of the entire Roman Empire and renamed it Constantinople.

The Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire (395-1204 and 1261-1453 CE)

After Constantinople was named the capital of the Roman Empire the city grew and prospered. After the death of the emperor Theodosius I in 395, however, enormous upheaval took place in the empire as his sons permanently divided the empire. Following the division, Constantinople became the capital of the Byzantine Empire in the 400s.

As part of the Byzantine Empire, the city became distinctly Greek as opposed to its former identity in the Roman Empire. Because Constantinople was at the center of two continents, it became a center of commerce, culture, diplomacy, and grew considerably. In 532, though, the anti-government Nika Revolt broke out among the city’s population and destroyed it. After the revolt however, the Constantinople was rebuilt and many of its most outstanding monuments were constructed- one of which was the Haghia Sophia as Constantinople became the center of the Greek Orthodox Church.

The Latin Empire (1204-1261)

Although Constantinople significantly prospered during decades following its becoming a part of the Byzantine Empire, the factors leading to its success also made it a target for conquering. For hundreds of years, troops from all over the Middle-East attacked the city. For a time it was even controlled by members of the Fourth Crusade after it was desecrated in 1204. Subsequently, Constantinople became the center of the Catholic Latin Empire.

As competition persisted between the Catholic Latin Empire and the Greek Orthodox Byzantine Empire, Constantinople was caught in the middle and began to significantly decay. It went financially bankrupt, the population declined, and it became vulnerable to further attacks as defense posts around the city crumbled. In 1261, in the midst of this turmoil, the Empire of Nicaea recaptured Constantinople and it was returned to the Byzantine Empire. Around the same time, the Ottoman Turks began conquering the cities surrounding Constantinople, effectively cutting it off from many of its neighboring cities.

The Ottoman Empire (1453-1922)

After being considerably weakened by constant invasions and being cut off from its neighbors by the Ottoman Turks, Constantinople was officially conquered by the Ottomans, led by Sultan Mehmed II on May 29, 1453 after a 53-day siege. During the siege, the last Byzantine emperor, Constantine XI, died while defending his city. Almost immediately, Constantinople was named as the capital of the Ottoman Empire and its name was changed to Constantinopolis.

Upon taking control of the city, Sultan Mehmed sought to rejuvenate Constantinopolis. He created the Grand Bazaar (one of the largest covered marketplaces in the world), brought back fleeing Catholic and Greek Orthodox residents. In addition to these residents, he brought in Muslim, Christian, and Jewish families to establish a mixed populace. Sultan Mehmed also began the building of architectural monuments, schools, hospitals, public baths, and grand imperial mosques.

From 1520 to 1566, Suleiman the Magnificent controlled the Ottoman Empire and there were many artistic and architectural achievements that made it a major cultural, political, and commercial center. By the mid-1500s, the city’s population also grew to almost 1 million inhabitants. The Ottoman Empire ruled Constantinopolis until it was defeated and occupied by the allies in World War I.

The Republic of Turkey (1923-today)

Following its occupation by the allies in World War I, the Turkish War of Independence took place and Constantinopolis became a part of the Republic of Turkey in 1923. Constantinopolis was not the capital city of the new republic and during the early years of its formation Constantinopolis was overlooked and investment went into the new centrally located capital Ankara. In the 1940s and 1950s though, Constantinopolis re-emerged new public squares, boulevards, and avenues were constructed. Because of the construction though, many of the city’s historic buildings were demolished.

In the 1970s, Constantinopolis’s population rapidly increased, causing the city to expand into the nearby villages and forests, eventually creating a major world metropolis.

Constantinopolis Today

Constantinopolis’s many historical areas were added to the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1985. In addition, because of its status as a world rising power, its history, importance to culture in both Europe and the world, Constantinopolis has been designated the European Capital of Culture for 2010 by the European Union.

 
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Posted by on December 12, 2008 in My articles

 

Quit smoking.Read the full story

If we look around us we will see more and more people who are smokers.Its sad that even people who re diagnosed with health problems insist to smoke.Its really very sad ,because they cannot realise the most important thing.That their health is the most valuable asset in their life.They think that the only that they need is a way to relax ,to enjoy ,to avoid stress and to make some fun.They forget that cigarette is a poison and that it can kill.The see only how to make some fun and nothing else.Here I will post you an interactive article about the ways of quitning smoking ,there is always the positive side of the moon

Smoking Cessation Programs

Would you like to quit smoking? Quitting smoking can be a drag, but you can successfully quit when you know what to expect, are motivated, have social support, and create a personal game plan.  Stopping smoking requires desire, determination, and commitment, but the more you learn about your options and prepare for quitting, the easier it will be. While some smokers successfully quit by going cold turkey, most people need a plan that involves a gradual reduction in smoking and different rituals for satisfying your needs. You may be surprised to discover other things in your life that are as pleasurable as smoking. It is possible to learn how to replace your smoking habits, manage your cravings, and join the millions of people who have kicked the habit for good!

Why quitting seems so hard

The pleasures of smoking

It’s not easy to let go of something that’s been such an integral part of your life for so long. That little stick of tobacco has stuck with you through thick or thin, rain or shine, day or night. With minimal effort it has provided hours of comfort and activated the pleasure centers in your brain. No wonder the thought of quitting seems so daunting. Who wants to give up something that can temporarily make sadness, stress, and boredom evaporate into thin air? Just thinking about it can stop you in your tracks. But that’s exactly what’s needed. Stop for a moment and think about why smoking is in your life. What purpose does it serve?

How to get your smoking needs met without smoking

Whatever your reasons are for having smoking in your life, there is an alternative behavior you can  substitute in place of smoking which will achieve the same result in the end. Only you can determine what will work for you. Some examples include:

Purpose of Smoking Sample Substitute Behaviors
Relaxation or stress reduction Deep breathing exercises, meditation, massage or exercise
Boredom or Loneliness Find something you’re passionate about such as art, music, or literature
To feel more comfortable in social situations Counseling, enroll in a public speaking class, join a support group or splurge on a makeover
A meal doesn’t feel quite complete without a cigarette Eat a healthy meal and then top it off with a delicious dessert

Tips for creating your personal stop smoking plan

Designing your personal game plan

Tailoring a personal game plan to your specific needs and desires can be a big help. A good place to start is with the online guide from smokefree.gov. They recommend thinking about why you want to quit and then writing down all your reasons. The site goes on to give you helpful tips and options. Some of your choices include: quitting smoking cold turkey, systematically decreasing the number of cigarettes you smoke, reducing your intake of nicotine gradually over time, using nicotine replacement therapy or non-nicotine medications to reduce withdrawal symptoms, utilizing nicotine support groups, trying hypnosis, acupuncture, or counseling using cognitive behavioral techniques.

Questions to ask yourself

To successfully detach from smoking, you will need to identify and address your smoking habits, the true nature of your dependency, and the techniques that work for you. These types of questions can help:

  • Do you feel the need to smoke at every meal?
  • Are you more of a social smoker?
  • Is it a very bad addiction (more than a pack a day)? Or would a simple nicotine patch do the job?
  • Is your cigarette smoking linked to other addictions?
  • Are you open to hypnosis therapy and acupuncture?
  • Are you someone who is open to talking about your addiction?
  • Are you interested in getting into a fitness program?

Take the time to think of what kind of smoker you are, which moments of your life call for a cigarette, and why. This will help you to identify which tips, techniques or therapies may be most beneficial for you.

Stop smoking plan (START)

S = Set a quit date.

T = Tell family, friends, and co-workers that you plan to quit.

A = Anticipate and plan for the challenges you’ll face while quitting.

R = Remove cigarettes and other tobacco products from your home, car, and work.

T = Talk to your doctor about getting help to quit.

For a more info see the Surgeon General’s Tobacco Cessation Help Pages

How Jerry quit

Jerry kicked a 1/2 pack a day habit by reducing his intake, one cigarette at a time. First he cut out the morning cigarette that he always had with his coffee by substituting a warm cinnamon bun. After two weeks he dropped the mid-morning cigarette break. Then every other week he dropped another scheduled smoke time until he was totally smoke-free. Because he weaned himself off the nicotine so slowly he was able to quit without feeling any severe withdrawal symptoms.

Laura’s motivation to stop smoking

Laura smoked more than a pack a day for 10 years. She had tried quitting a few times over the years but always ended up retrieving the crumpled cigarette pack from the wastepaper basket. Nothing seemed to work until the day she got the jolt of her life; her doctor told her she had cancer. This event forced her to take stock of her life and started her on the path to quitting again. That was three years ago and she hasn’t lit up since. When you ask her how she did it, she’ll tell you it was sheer willpower and the support of family and friends.

Fear is a powerful motivator but you don’t have to wait until something frightening happens to stop smoking.

Tips to quit smoking and manage cravings

Cravings associated to sugar levels

When you stop smoking, your body reacts very quickly to the lack of nicotine in your system. Over the course of three to five days, you are likely to experience a number of the following physical symptoms as the toxins are flushed from your body:

  • Increased irritability, frustration, or anger
  • Anxiety, tension or nervousness
  • Restlessness
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Fatigue
  • Headaches
  • Trouble sleeping
  • Increased appetite and weight gain

As you smoke, nicotine is absorbed into your bloodstream and within 3 minutes, chemical reactions cause your body to trigger the release of sugar.  After quitting, you may feel dizzy, restless, nervous or even have strong headaches. This is because you are lacking the immediate release of sugar that cigarettes provide – and why you may have a bigger appetite. These sugar-related cravings should only last a few days until your body adjusts to this new smoke-less state of being. So, for the first 3 or 4 days after you quit, make sure you keep your sugar levels a bit higher than usual by drinking plenty of juice. It will help prevent the craving symptoms triggered by a lack of sugar and help your body re-adjust back to normal.

Smoking cessation and high sugar levels

When you quit smoking try eating healthier. Cravings can lead to over-eating to make up for the lack of instant sugar that was released in your body when you were smoking. Speak to a nutritionist if you are concerned, high sugar levels can be dangerous.

For more information, read Tips for a Healthy Diet : Guidelines for developing a plan for healthy eating

How to manage cigarette cravings

Remnants of old habits such as smoking with your morning coffee, after meals or business meetings, and while you’re stuck in traffic can trigger cravings. There are ways to anticipate those moments and deal with the possible withdrawal symptoms.

Cravings associated with meals

For some smokers, having a cup of coffee after a meal goes hand-in-hand with lighting up, and the idea of giving that up may look like a hard prospect. People have been able to successfully replace that special moment, at least in the early stages, with something that works for them. It could be a piece of fruit, a dessert, or a piece of dark chocolate. Eventually, you will re-discover the real savor of a good meal or a nicely brewed cup of coffee and will find that cigarette smoke spoils its taste.

Alcohol and cigarettes

Many people have a habit of smoking when they have an alcoholic drink. If you feel cravings after drinking with friends or family you may have to try non-alcoholic drinks. Nuts and chips to munch on are also great cigarette substitutes.

Social Smoking

When friends, family, and co-workers smoke around you, you are in risk of never being able to give up smoking. If you don’t address this directly it can increase your risk for relapse. Talking about your decision to quit is the first step, your social circles need to know that you are changing your habits. It may involve a change of habit on their part too, for example, they won’t be able to smoke when you’re in the car with them or in your presence.

Know that in every social circle there are non-smokers, sometimes former smokers, and people that can be of some inspiration in finding new and better habits. In your workplace, don’t take all your coffee breaks with smokers only, do something else instead, and find other non-smokers to have your breaks with. Your decision to quit could be a good role model for your friends and give them the incentive to quit as well.

The main thing is to stay strong and not compromise. This is a crucial change in your life. Let others around you know that you are serious about quitting.

Tips to deal with common cravings and withdrawal symptoms

  • Stay active: Keep yourself distracted and occupied, go for walks.
  • Keep your hands/fingers busy: Squeeze balls, pencils, or paper clips are good substitutes to satisfy that need for tactile stimulation.
  • Keep your mind busy: Read a book or magazine, listen to some music you love.
  • Find an oral substitute: Keep other things around to pop in your mouth when you’re craving a cigarette. Good choices include mints, hard candy, carrot or celery sticks, gum, and sunflower seeds.
  • Drink lots of water: Flushing toxins from your body minimizes withdrawal symptoms and helps cravings pass faster.
  • Look for new ways to relax and to cope with depression or anxiety: There are a lot of ways to improve your mood without smoking. See Depression Self-Help for some ideas. For tips on ways to deal with stress, visit Coping with Stress.

Keep a craving journal

For a couple of weeks make entries into a log book to monitor your daily progress. Think about different moments in your life when you enjoy having a cigarette, these are your triggers to smoking. Are there certain people or environments that trigger your cravings? How do you feel when you smoke? Jot down some other things you can do to feel that way. After you quit, if you’re having a bad day, you can look back at the comments you wrote in week one to get perspective on how far you’ve come.

Get support from others

Quitting smoking is challenging, and having the right people around you can make all the difference. Let your friends and family in on your plan to quit smoking and tell them you need their support and encouragement to stop. Look for a quit buddy who wants to stop smoking as well. You can help each other get through the rough times.

Keep the pounds off

Weight gain is a common concern when quitting smoking. While it’s true that many smokers put on weight when they stop smoking, the gain is usually small, on average 3-5 pounds. Weight gain occurs because the oral gratification of smoking is replaced by the self-soothing mechanism of eating. Don’t let the fear of putting on a few pounds weigh you down. Eating a healthy diet and staying active can help you maintain your current weight. See Healthy Weight Loss.

Finding help to quit smoking

Finding the right combination of things to help you stop smoking is as individual as you are. Medication can provide support in your effort to stop smoking by easing withdrawal symptoms, reducing cravings, and improving your chances of successfully quitting.

Medication therapy

Smoking cessation medications are most effective when used as part of a comprehensive stop smoking program monitored by your physician. Talk to your doctor about your options and whether an anti-smoking medication is right for you. U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved options are:

Nicotine Replacement Therapy

Nicotine replacement therapy involves “replacing” cigarettes with other nicotine substitutes, such as nicotine gum or a nicotine patch. It works by delivering “small and steady doses” of nicotine into the body to relieve some of the withdrawal symptoms without the tars and poisonous gases found in cigarettes. This type of treatment helps smokers focus on breaking their psychological addiction and makes it easier to concentrate on learning new behaviors and coping skills.

Non-Nicotine Medication

Non-nicotine medications help you stop smoking by reducing cravings and withdrawal symptoms. Currently, bupropion (Zyban) and varenicline (Chantix) are the only two medications that don’t contain nicotine which are approved as smoking cessation aids. These anti-smoking pills are intended for short-term use.

Non-medication therapies

There are several things you can do to stop smoking that don’t involve nicotine replacement therapy or prescription medications:

Hypnosis

A popular option that has good results. Hypnosis works by getting you into a deeply relaxed state where you are open to suggestions that strengthen your resolve to quit smoking and increase your negative feelings toward cigarettes. Ask your doctor to recommend a qualified smoking cessation hypnotherapist in your area.

Acupuncture

One of the oldest known medical techniques. Acupuncture is believed to work by triggering the release of endorphins (natural pain relievers) that allow the body to relax. As a smoking cessation aid, acupuncture can be helpful in managing smoking withdrawal symptoms.

Behavioral Therapy

Nicotine addiction is related to the habitual behaviors (the “rituals”) involved in smoking. Behavior therapy focuses on learning new coping skills and breaking those habits. The American Lung Association offers a free online smoking cessation program that focuses on behavioral change.

Motivational Therapies

Self-help books and websites can provide a number of ways to motivate yourself to quit smoking. One well known example is calculating the monetary savings. Some people have been able to find the motivation to quit just by calculating how much money they will save after they quit. One person saved enough money to pay his annual car insurance premiums.

What to do if you relapse

Quitting smoking didn’t work, now what?

Two steps forward, one step back is a common pattern when you’re trying to replace unwanted habits with new positive ones. Having a small setback doesn’t mean you’re a smoker again. Most people try to quit smoking several times before they kick the habit for good, so don’t beat yourself up if you start smoking again. Turn the relapse into a rebound by learning from your mistakes. Identify the triggers or trouble spots you ran into and create a new and improved stop smoking plan.

  • You’re not a failure if you slip up. It doesn’t mean you can’t quit for good.
  • Don’t let a slip become a mudslide. Throw out the rest of the pack. It’s important to get back on the non-smoking track now. Remember, your goal is no cigarettes – not even one puff.
  • Look back at your quit log and feel good about the time you went without smoking.
  • Find the trigger. Exactly what was it that made you smoke again? Decide how you will cope with that issue the next time it comes up.
  • Learn from your experience. What has been most helpful? What didn’t work?
  • Find a quit buddy. You can quit smoking together and gain strength from each other.
  • Are you using a medicine to help you quit? Call your doctor if you start smoking again. Some medicines cannot be used if you are smoking at the same time.

Related links for quitting smoking

Ways to Quit Smoking and Stop-Smoking Plans

Online Guide to Quitting – Step-by-step guide to quitting describes how to make a plan to quit, cope with cravings, manage withdrawal symptoms, and avoid relapse. (Smokefree.gov)

Quit Smoking Action Plan – 3-step plan for quitting smoking. Provides additional resources for support. (American Lung Association)

Double Your Chances of Quitting Smoking. Ways to improve your chances of quitting smoking. (American Cancer Society)

Helpful Hints to Kick the Smoking Habit – Provides advice on how to successfully quit smoking. Includes a list of smoke-free suggestions. (University of Maryland Medical Center)

Quit Meter – Calculate how much extra money you’ll have after quitting. (Defeataddictions.org)

Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)

Nicotine Alternatives / Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) – Provides an overview, general warnings, and side effects of NRT. (American Heart Association)

Nicotine Replacement – Comprehensive fact sheet on nicotine replacement includes a discussion of specific methods, dosages and side effects.  (American Lung Association)

Preventing Weight Gain after Quitting

You Can Control Your Weight as You Quit Smoking – Provides suggestions for what to do before, during, and after quitting smoking to prevent weight gain. (National Institutes of Health)

Coping with Nicotine Cravings and Withdrawal

Help For Cravings and Tough Situations – A list of tips to cope with cigarette cravings. (American Cancer Society)

Nicotine Dependence Coping Skills – A comprehensive guide to developing alternative coping strategies when quitting smoking. (Mayo Clinic)

Support for Smoking Cessation

Quitlines – Call 800-QUIT-NOW (800-784-8669) to get the number of your local quitline.  (North American Quitline Consortium)

Smoking Cessation Programs – Searchable database of smoking cessation programs that you can locate by state or zip code. Also offers links to free support groups. (Quitnet)

Freedom From Smoking® Online – Provides a seven module program that supports you and walks you through a smoking cessation program. (American Lung Association)

Nicotine Anonymous Meetings – Search for local meetings of Nicotine Anonymous, a 12-Step program modeled after Alcoholics Anonymous. (Nicotine Anonymous)

Tips for Friends and Family

Helping A Smoker Quit: Do’s and Don’ts – Provides a general list of “do’s and don’ts” for supporting someone who is quitting smoking.  (American Cancer Society)

How Can I Help My Friends and Family (PDF) – Describes appropriate ways to help a friend or family member who is quitting smoking. (California Smokers’ Helpline)

 
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Posted by on December 12, 2008 in My articles

 

The Serbian Athens

Apart from Belgrade ,I have also visit another one serbian city.It is called Novi Sad.It is located north of Serbia and its almost 1 hour away from Belgrade ,the capital of the country.Its rich in culture ,monuments and its considered the religious center of Serbia.Its a magnificent city ,with great architecture and its the best decorated city in Serbia.You feel like you are lost in an austrian city in the Middle Age.Here we can see the history of this amazing city

Stolen from the ponds and fens in the beginning of its founding, this small settlement around the Petrovaradin trenches in 1720 had the first one story house! Seven years later, the commander of Petrovaradin wrote a letter to Vienna saying that the Racka town is well populated and rich. A school in the trenches had opened in 1731, and according to the map from 1745 the settlement started to develop contours of Novi Sad as it today.

The Chamber/border government was constantly repressing the endeavours of people who lived in the trenches and who wanted to develop their town. That was the main reason that the whole idea of the liberation process was started.

Persistent in their exertion, backed by their property and sure of their own capabilities, the citizens made a deal  in 1747.  They agreed that in the Magistracy of the future liberated town, they will have the same number of representatives, equal rights in choosing senators and clerks, freely practice their own religion, build churches, schools, etc.

A delegation of citizens from the trenches – Racković, Vujić, Bogdanović, Rasković, Hajl and Anderle – was travelling to Vienna and borrowing money to pay for liberation diploma. Paying 80,000 rain forint in silver, our predecessors, noble merchants and craftsmen, bought their independency and freedom and widely opened the door of progress for them and their descendents. The loan was paid off when the city sold its meadows and wastelands to its citizens.

On February 1st, 1748 empress Maria Theresa declared that the town will become free royal city and names it in Latin – Neoplanta, Hungarian – Új-videk, German Neu-Satz and in Serbian – Novi Sad.

In the spring of 1748 Novi Sad begins its life following the example of other free cities of that time.  From 1748 to the end of 18th century the number of inhabitants grew, assets multiplied and children went to school. In the 1770’s the city had its own silk factory, brewery and tobacco mill. Everyday trade, religion and fun characterized life: the trade involved many European and Asian countries, and by the end of the century the city became the strongest economic centre in the south of Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Life in the crossroads and the will to continue living in accordance with the spirit of this city had its price and in 1849 Novi Sad was bombed for the first time. Out of 2812 buildings there were only 808 left.

In the second half of the 19th century the city started rapidly growing and rebuilding, which is where today’s old city architecture has its origin. From then on, to the World War I and the City Hall, Episcopal House and Catholic Church were built in the centre of the town; today’s secondary school “Jovan Jovanović Zmaj”, Iodine spa, Matica Srpska, etc. In the last years of the 19th century and in the beginning of the 20th century, the Central railway station, bridge, slaughterhouse, gas factory, electric power plant were built and street car transport was established.

In the mid 19th century, under the Austro-Hungarian reign, on the border towards the Turkish Empire, Novi Sad grew into a significant centre of culture and politics for all Serbs. It also had a strong economy and the cities poets named it Serbian Athens.

At that time in Novi Sad had 56 magazines and newspapers issued on Serbian language and in 1864 Matica Srpska, the oldest Serbian institution of science and culture, moved from Budapest to Novi Sad.  In 1861 the Serbian national theatre was founded, which is the oldest professional theatre in our country. The first Serbian national school was also built in Novi Sad in 1703, first high school in 1791 in Sremski Karlovci and the first hospital in 1746.

After World War I the Serbian army marched in Novi Sad on November 8th 1918.  The Big People’s Assembly of Serbs, Bunjevac and other Slavic nations on November 25th Banat, Bačka and Baranja joined to the Kingdom of Serbia. Just one day before, in the Assembly in Ruma the same thing happened with Srem region.

In Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Novi Sad became centre of Danube Banovina (province). At the same time the first boulevard is being built, building of Banovina and the new bridge. In 1936 there are already 69 000 people living in Novi Sad.

The Second World War brought about the round up of Horty’s fascist army, when Novi Sad lost 3000 inhabitants in three days, mostly Serbs and Jews. During the Second World War several thousands inhabitants of Novi Sad were killed and Novi Sad’s partisan squad liberated the city on October 23rd, 1944.  After the liberation Novi Sad, capital of Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, experiences huge growth as an economic, cultural, scientific, political and administrative centre of the Province.

In the, so-called, Anti-bureaucratic revolution in 1988, political relations in the country were changed and Novi Sad loses some of its jurisdiction.  A few years later, rises in inflation and poverty affected its population and in the wars on the territory of former Yugoslavia, 72 people from Novi Sad died.  Many young and educated people left the city, and in the following years Novi Sad served as a shelter for tens of thousands of refugees.

The period after the war and especially years 1996 – 1997 were marked by student demonstrations against the regime of Slobodan Milosović. NATO bombing in 1999 left the city without the bridges, communication, and water. After the NATO war operations, an already exhausted city begins to rebuild itself and included a temporary pontoon bridge.  In an undefined atmosphere of hope and extreme boundaries of endurance, citizens of Novi Sad finally celebrate the victory of the opposition at the September elections in 2000.

 
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Posted by on December 12, 2008 in My articles

 
 
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